[Blink]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlane...ile_System

This seems to do a lot of what you are talking about.

Close, but not exactly.
Blockchain-based systems keep everything in one chain, which is distributed. The problem with this in currencies, is that there is the possibility of a 51% attack.

Earlier, I was talking to @"phyrrus9" about this. He is planning on using a distributed hash table for this, which is somewhat similar to a blockchain, but is split up into multiple parts, with no single node having all of it at once. Then an algorithm (he pointed me to Dijkstra's algorithm when talking about cryptocurrencies, not sure if that's what's being used here though) is used to distribute the data in the fastest way possible. In cryptocurrencies, this adds an extra layer of protection, since it's extremely hard to figure out how to make a fake valid transaction that gets routed to your specific node, and takes more computational power than is needed in Bitcoin and other systems.