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Basics of C++ - vluzzy - 01-02-2024
++ is a powerful and versatile programming language that supports both procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms. Here are some fundamental concepts in C++:
Variables and Data Types:
cpp
int age = 25;
double salary = 50000.50;
char grade = 'A';
Control Structures:
cpp
if (age < 18) {
cout << "You are a minor." << endl;
} else if (age >= 18 && age < 60) {
cout << "You are an adult." << endl;
} else {
cout << "You are a senior citizen." << endl;
}
Loops:
cpp
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cout << i << endl;
}
while (age < 30) {
cout << "Still young!" << endl;
++age;
}
Functions:
cpp
void greet(string name) {
cout << "Hello, " << name << "!" << endl;
}
greet("Alice");
Arrays and Vectors:
cpp
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Classes and Objects:
cpp
class Car {
public:
string brand;
string model;
int year;
};
Car myCar;
myCar.brand = "Toyota";
myCar.model = "Camry";
myCar.year = 2020;
File Handling:
cpp
#include <fstream>
ofstream outfile("example.txt");
outfile << "Hello, C++!" << endl;
outfile.close();
Example Script: Basic Input and Output
cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Enter your name: ";
string name;
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
int age;
cin >> age;
cout << "Hello, " << name << "! You are " << age << " years old." << endl;
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The script prompts the user to enter their name and age.
It uses cin to read input and cout to display output.
Basic input/output is a fundamental part of C++ programming