You can do this here: https://www.facebook.com/settings?tab=privacy&section=masher&view
What this will basically do is allow you to limit all of your posts so that any public posts will become viewable to "Friends Only".

You can do this here: https://www.facebook.com/settings?tab=privacy&section=findemail&view
If you allow "Everyone" to have the ability to look up your account with Facebook's directory via your email then wouldn't that make it pretty easy to find out who you are if you only use one, or even a few, email(s)? Change this to "Friends Only".

Do the same with the phone number look up which is directly below this.
And below that there will also be a thing asking you if you want search engines to show your timeline. Do yourself a favour right now and save that as NO!

Here you could really do two different things.
One, you could just use a fake last name.
Or two, you could just remove your last name and have only your first name on Facebook.

If you're wondering how to do this, follow this short guide I made:

Step 1) Get a fresh Indonesian HTTP proxy (Just Google for some or something)
Step 2) Login to Facebook
Step 3) Change your language to "Bahasa Indonesian"
Step 4) Go to your web browsers network settings and use the "Manual proxy configuration" option (using Firefox for this example. Works on Chrome too. It might be slightly different from what I'm saying, but whatever)
Step 5) Set the HTTP Proxy option to use whatever Indonesian proxy you grabbed and set the port to the port you'll be accessing it through (normally it's port 8080, 80, or 3128) It will say the port on the website if you used the one I linked to above; HideMyAss.
Step 6) Set it to use the proxy for all protocols
Step 7) Press "Okay"
Step 8) Go to your Facebook, remove your last name
Step 9) Save your Facebook settings
Step 10) Set your language back to your preferred language and whatever your preferred proxy settings were prior to this name change!

1. Don't post too much real information
   
2. Use fake information when possible (make the fake information a bit more publicly available than the real information - consider using http://www.fakenamegenerator.com/ for this)
   
3. Make everything as private as possible (eg. change all of your privacy settings on Facebook from "Friends Only" to "Only Me")
   
4. Only add people you know
   
5. Don't talk to strangers
   
6. Don't click random/sketchy links
   
7. Make sure the person who you're about to give your phone number or address to is the real them.
   
8. Don't have a last name when possible (quick tutorial for Facebook below)
   
9. If there isn't already an official problem, don't make one; don't start shit with people, or get cocky (or this could be you)
   
10. Have a complex password; use special characters, make it over 20 characters long, and use uppercase and lowercase characters
    
11. Never use a universal username (not even for games)
    
12. Consider using a fake name/identity for everything you do online
    
13. Be self-aware; know what's on your profile, and try doxing yourself using only your Facebook so you know what's actually there
    

You are arguing with some stranger on Facebook and it gets heated. You walk away that night angry, but tired, and you go to sleep. A few days later, your phone rings, waking you. Ignoring the first call, it starts to ring again. You answer it only to be hung up on. You think, "wrong number" and lay back down.

The ringing doesn't stop though and after few hours, your doorbell rings. As you open the door, you greet a pizza deliverer with ten pizzas you did not order. What's going on here? This continues on and off for a week until one day you're at the store and your debit card gets declined. Rushing home to check your account, you discover in horror it's overdrawn!

You know where this dark road goes. Now you must start the process of fixing your stolen identity. Sorting out your bank mess and trying to get things back in order so life can go on. Not an easy task in this day and age.

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PAUSE! I want you to stop and think about that entire scenario for a second. Once you have thought about it, I want you to move on and read the next flipped scenario.
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Young Johnny one day gets into a heated debate on Facebook. Johnny is not happy with the outcome of the debate, so he decides to get revenge on this other guy by posting his personal information all over the Internet. Now Johnny didn't actually know how to make a dox though, so he started with the easiest place he could think of: the Dox Victim's social media accounts like Facebook and Twitter! Remember that one status you made last month saying "Text me!!:* Bored outta my miiiind! 123-456-7890 !", or when you forgot to change your Facebook Friend List settings from "Public" to "Only Me"? I bet you never thought that someone like young Johnny would find everyone in your family that uses Facebook using your vulnerable Friend List alone, save those family members with the phone number in a file with the rest of your personal information which he found on your Facebook, and use it to expose you to the rest of the net! Yeah, making a dox can be that easy... Oh, and you should consider if this "Johnny" boy could also be the doxer from before.