[Merkuri]

After "short introduction to CPU" and "short introduction to memory" it's time for "short introduction to I/O devices". Basicly I/O devices are the devices which help you(the human) to communicate with the CPU and memory, you may hear of them as computer peripheral. A few example of I/O devices are monitors,printer, keyboards, mouseses. So input devices get the information from you and give it to the CPU via memory, and the output devices get the information from the cpu and give it to the outside world.Another way to say this is that input devices convert the incoming signal to binary code which is understandable by the CPU, and the output devices reverse the process(convert the binary data to something undarstandable for you for example image or sound). I/O devices connect to other parts of the computer via buses. But before I continue I want to make sure that you understand which devices are for input and which are for output. I think the best way to do is to quiz you. Here is list of devices devide them in two categories one that are input and one that are output. Here are the devices:

Code:

Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Printer
Microphone
Camera
Speakers
Projector
Joystick

Answer

Spoiler:

Input devices

Code:

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Camera
Joystick

Output devices

Code:

Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Projector

I want to mention that those aren't all I/O devices for example the sensors(for temperature,radiation...) are also input devices. Now as you should now buses are wires that connect different modules, most of the time the buses will provide interface for different manufactores which is good.

Buses

Spoiler:

There are two type of buses internal and external, as their name says the internal is for internal components and external for external componenets. Example of internal devices are video card and sound card. Example for external devices are USB memory stick and web camera.
Internal

Spoiler:

PCI
PCI stand from Peripheral Component Interconnect. Typical PCI cards used in PCs are network cards, sound cards, disk controllers and others.
Image of PCI slot

Spoiler:

AGP graphics card interface.
AGP stand from Accelerated Graphics Port this is high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard. It's now replaced by PCI express, however you can still find mother board with AGP.
image of AGP

Spoiler:

PCI express
PCI express was designed to replace PCI and AGP graphics card interface.PCI express is not a bus but instead a point-to-point conection of serial links called lanes. It's a faster than PCI, which make it appropriate for video cards.
PCI express image

Spoiler:

PCMCIA
PCMCIA stand form Personal Computer Memory Card International Association(the comapny which create the standard). This is the type of bus used in laptops. PCMCIA was originally designed for computer memory expansion, but the existence of a usable general standard for notbeook peripherals led to many kinds of devices being made available in this form.
image of PCMCIA

Spoiler:

External

Spoiler:

USB
USB stand from Universal Serial Bus this is serial bus standard to intarface with devices. USB was designed to allow many peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket, also USB allows you to connect and disconnect devices without rebooting the computer. USB provide power to devices that consume little energy.USB is by far the dominating bus for connecting external devices to your computer.
images of USB

Spoiler:

Firewire
Firewire is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer, frequently used in a personal computer. Firewire has adapted as High Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance(HANA) standard connection interface for audio/visual component communication and control.
images of Firewire

Spoiler:

PS/2
PS/2 is used for connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC. The name come from IBM Personal System/2(this is series of personal computers). However I haven't seen laptop with PS/2 connector(nor table or phone). PS/2 is ancient technology now.
PS/2 images

Spoiler:

If you see any mistakes please report them.

[APPLEZ]

Great tutorial, keep it up